Navigating challenges in a unique educational setting: social supports for hospital school teachers

Issue

Section

Articles

Authors

  • Deirdre Harvey Atlantic Technological University, St Angelas Sligo, Ireland
  • Maria Campbell Atlantic Technological University, St Angelas Sligo, Ireland

Keywords:

Social support, hospital schools, hospital school teachers, resilience

Published

2026-08-18

Abstract

Hospital school teachers operate within a complex, multidisciplinary environment, supporting learners experiencing illness and medical treatment while providing individualised instruction response to learners’ diverse and often fluctuating needs. Such demands increase teachers’ vulnerablity to stress, burnout, and compassion fatigue, underscoring the importance of resilience-building strategies, including workplace social support. This study explores the nature of collegial support among hospital teachers in Ireland. Employing a narrative inquiry approach, data were collected from 16 hospital teachers across three Irish hospital schools. The findings identify three dimensions of social support: Reciprocity and sharing in community, Individual efforts, and Informational guidance. The hospital-based professional ‘community’ emerged as central to fostering reciprocal support, with both formal meetings and informal interactions facilitating the management of emotional and practical challenges. Teachers also reported employing self-regulatory strategies, including emotional masking, boundary setting, and compartmentalisation, to navigate role-related demands. However, perceptions of marginalisation beyond the hospital context, along with instances of disengagement among some hospital staff, raised concerns regarding the consistency and effectiveness of available support systems. Overall, the findings emphasise the need for structured, context-sensitive support systems, enhanced professional recognition, and targeted professional development to strengthen resilience among hospital teachers.

Supporting agencias

No

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Albrecht, Terrance, & Adelman, Mara. (1987). Communicating social support. CA: Sage Publications.

Alisic, Eva. (2012) Teachers’ perspectives on providing support to children after trauma: A qualitative study. School Psychology Quarterly, 27(1), 51–59. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0028590

Alsaawi, Ali. (2014). A critical review of qualitative interviews. European Jounal of Business and Social Sciences, 3, 149–156. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2819536

Ando, Hikari, Cousins, Rosanna, & Young, Carolyn. (2014). Achieving Saturation in Thematic Analysis: Development and Refinement of a Codebook. Comprehensive Psychology, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.2466/03.CP.3.4

Atwood, Molly, Friedman, Aliza, Meisner, Brad, & Cassin, Stephanie. (2018). The exchange of social support on online bariatric surgery discussion forums: a mixed-methods content analysis. Health Communication, 5, 628-635. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2017.1289437

Barnes, Melanie, & Duck Steve. (1994). Everyday communicative contexts for social support. In Brant R. Burleson, Terrance L. Albrecht, Irwin G. Sarason (Eds), Communication of social support (pp. 175–194). California: Sage.

Bellocchi, Alberto. (2019). Early career science teacher experiences of social bonds and emotion management. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 56(3), 322-347. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21520

Benigno, Vincenza, & Fante, Chiara. (2020). Hospital school teachers’ sense of stress and gratification: An investigation of the Italian context. Continuity in Education, 1(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.5334/cie.14

Benigno, Vincenza, Fante, Chiara, Epifania, Ottavia, Caruso, Giovanni, & Ravicchio, Fabrizio. (2018). A dynamic model for distance learning: Evaluation of an online course for hospital teacher’s professional development. Italian Journal of Educational Technology. https://doi.org/10.17471/2499-4324/958

Blitz, Lisa, Anderson, Elizabeth, & Saastamoinen, Monique. (2016). Assessing perceptions of culture and trauma in an elementary school: Informing a model for culturally responsive trauma-informed schools. The Urban Review, 48(4), 520–542. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1007/s11256-016-0366-9

Braun, Virginia, & Clarke, Victoria. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Braun, Virginia, & Clarke, Victoria. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11, 589–597. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806

Braun, Virginia, & Clarke, Victoria. (2020). One size fits all? What counts as quality practice in (reflective) thematic analysis? Qualitative Research in Psychology, 18(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2020.1769238

British Educational Research Association [BERA]. (2024). Ethical Guidelines for Educational Research (5th ed.). Available at: https://www.bera.ac.uk/publication/ethical-guidelines-for-educational-research-fifth-edition-2024 (Accessed: 10 September 2024).

Capurso, Michele, & Dennis, John. (2017). Key educational factors in the education of students with a medical condition. Support for learning, 32(2), 158-179. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1111/1467-9604.12156

Chang, Chia Ming, Liu, Li-Wei, Hsieh, Huey-Hong, & Chen, Ko-Chia. (2020). A multilevel analysis of organizational support on the relationship between person-environment fit and performance of university physical education teachers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 2041. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062041

Christian-Brandt, Alison, Santacrose, Diana, & Barnett, Miya. (2020). In the trauma-informed care trenches: teacher compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress, burnout, and intent to leave education within underserved elementary schools. Child abuse & Neglect, 110, 104437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104437

Clandinin, Jean. (2013). Engaging in Narrative Inquiry. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315429618

Clandinin, Jean, Pushor, Debbie, & Orr, Anne Murray. (2007). Navigating sites for narrative inquiry. Journal of Teacher Education, 58(1), 21-35. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487106296218

Cohen, Louis, Manion, Lawrence, & Morrison, Keith. (2018). Research Methods in Education (8th ed.). London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315456539

Cohen, Sheldon, Underwood, Lynn, & Gottlieb, Benjamin. (Eds.) (2000). Social support measurement and intervention: A guide for health and social scientists. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Coursaris, Constantinos, & Liu, Ming. (2009). An analysis of social support exchanges in online HIV/AIDS self-help groups. Computers in Human Behavior, 911-918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.03.006

Cutrona, Carolyn, & Suhr, Julie. (1992). Controllability of stressful events and satisfaction with spouse support behaviors. Communication Research, 19, 154-174. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365092019002002

Dagnino, Francesca Maria, Benigno, Vincenza, Dalla Mutta, Edoardo, & Fante, Chiara. (2023). Italian hospital teachers’ perceptions of technological and methodogical innovations after the COVID-19 pandemic. Continuity in Education, 4(1), 67-82. https://doi.org/10.5334/cie.65

Darling-Hammond, Linda, Flook, Lisa, Cook-Harvey, Channa, Barron, Brigid, & Osher, David. (2020). Implications for educational practice of the science of learning and development. Applied Developmental Science, 24(2), 97-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2018.1537791

Department of Education and Skills [DES]. (2016). Looking at our school 2016: A quality framework for primary schools. Dublin: The Stationery Office.

Deschamps, Amelie, Fortier, Marie-Ève, Muñoz Gómez, Natalia, Auger, Anne-Marie, Fitzpatrick, Caroline, & Brodeur, Magaly. (2025). Understanding phubbing behavior: A scoping review of qualitative and mixed-methods studies. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14, 1234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2025.100684

Desens, Linda, Kreps, Gary, & Su, Yuhua. (2019). Online social support: Analysis of an online discussion forum for significant others of deployed service members. Journal of Veterans Studies, 4(2), 94-111. https://doi.org/10.21061/jvs.v4i2.69

Dursun, Fevzi, & Aykan, Ahmet. (2025). Exploring teachers’ narratives: challenges and strategies for enhancing the teaching process. Sage OPEN, 1, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251332557

Fisher, Molly. (2011). Factors influencing stress, burnout, and retention of secondary teachers. Current Issues in Education, 14(1), 1-37. https://cie.asu.edu/ojs/index.php/cieatasu/article/download/658/165/2778

Fitzsimons, Sabrina, & Smith, David. (2025). “Just plough on and pretend it’s not happening”: Understanding burnout in teacher educators in Ireland and the United Kingdom. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 9, 100491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2025.100491

Given, Lisa. (2016). 100 Questions (and Answers) About Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications.

Grandey, Alicia. (2003). When “the show must go on”: Surface acting and deep acting as determinants of emotional exhaustion and peer-rated service delivery. Academy of management Journal, 46, 86-96. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.2307/30040678

Halbesleben, Jonathan. (2006). Sources of social support and burnout: A meta-analytic test of the conservation of resources model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5), 1134–1145. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.5.1134

Harvey, Deirdre, & Campbell, Maria. (2024). ‘Promoting and supporting learner resilience in the hospital school’. In N. Bianquin and F. Magni (Eds.), Teacher education research in Europe: trends challenges, practices and perspectives (pp. 44-53). Bergamo: Università degli studi di Bergamo. https://aisberg.unibg.it/retrieve/e2813800-f183-43cc-bb34-eff4db114931/006%20Harvey%20Campbell.pdf

Haydon, Gunilla, & van der Riet, Pamela. (2017). Narrative inquiry: A relational research methodology suitable to explore narratives of health and illness. Nordic Journal of Nursing Research, 37(2), 85-89. https://doi.org/10.1177/2057158516675217

Hen, Meirav. (2020). Teaching emotional intelligence: An academic course for hospital teachers. Continuity in Education, 1(1), 22–36. https://doi.org/10.5334/cie.13

Hennink, Monique, Kaiser, Bonnie, & Marconi, Vincent. (2017). Code saturation versus meaning saturation: How many interviews are enough? Qualitative Health Research, 27(4), 591–608. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732316665344

Hospital Organisation of Pedagogues in Europe [HOPE]. (2000). The rights and educational needs of Sick children and adolescents. HOPE Charter adopted by General Assembly of HOPE in Barcelona 20th May 2000. Retrieved 23 March 2026 from https://www.hospitalteachers.eu/wp-content/uploads/HOPECharter_2018/Charter_ENG.pdf

Hydon, Stephen, Wong, Marleen, Langley, Audra, Stein, Bradley, & Kataoka, Sheryl. (2015). Preventing secondary traumatic stress in educators. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 24(2), 319-333. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.chc.2014.11.003

Keehan, Sandra. (2021). Continuing education in Irish hospital schools: provision for and challenges for teachers. Continuity in Education, 2(1), 42-59. https://doi.org/10.5334/cie.25

Kim, Jeong-Hee. (2016). Understanding narrative inquiry: The crafting and analysis of stories as research. Thousand Oaks: Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781071802861

Kruger, Louis, Rodgers, Rachel, Long, Stephanie, & Lowy, Alice. (2019). Individual interviews or focus groups? Interview format and women’s self-disclosure. International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory and Practice, 22(3), 245-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2018.1518857

Lavy, Shiri. (2019). Daily dynamics of teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior: Social and emotional antecedents and outcomes. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2863. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02863

Maor, Dorit, & Mitchem, Katherine. (2018). Hospitalized adolescents’ use of mobile technologies for learning, communication, and well-being. Journal of Adolescent Research, 35(2), 225-247. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558417753953

Maor, Dorit, Mitchem, Katherine, & Drewry, Rachel. (2020). The art of coaching: Addressing mobile technology integration in a complex hospital school environment. Continuity in Education, 1(1), 83-97. https://doi.org/10.5334/cie.6

Maslach, Christina, & Jackson, Susan. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205

Masten, Ann. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56, 227-238. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.227

Masten, Ann. (2019). Resilience from a developmental systems perspective. World Psychiatry, 18(1), 101-102. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20591

McCarthy, Aidan, Maor, Dorit, & McConney, Andrew. (2017). Mobile technology in hospital schools: What are hospital teachers’ professional learning needs? Journal of Technology & Teacher Education, 25(1), 61-89. https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/171461/

McNamara, Fergal. (2024). The professional development needs of hospital teachers in Ireland: An exploratory case study. Continuity in Education, 5(1), 50-65. https://doi.org/10.5334/cie.123

Meegan, John. (2024). Tensions and dilemmas: a narrative inquiry account of a teacher-researcher. Irish Education Studies, 43(4), 1271-1286. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2023.2236592

Merriam, Sharan, & Tisdell, Elizabeth. (2016). Qualitative Research: A guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). California: Jossey-Bass.

Morse, Janice. (2015). Critical analysis of strategies for determining rigor in qualitative inquiry. Qualitative Health Research, 25, 1212-1222. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732315588501

Nowell, Lorelli, Norris, Jill, White, Deborah, & Moules, Nancy. (2017). Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16, 160940691773384. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847

O’Neill, Thomas, Hambley, Laura, & Bercovich, Angelina. (2014). Prediction of cyberslacking when employees are working away from the office. Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 291-298. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.015

Pandey, Jatin, & Singh, Manjari. (2016). Donning the mask: effects of emotional labour strategies on burnout and job satisfaction in community healthcare. Health Policy and Planning, 31(5), 551-562. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czv102

Padova, Marilena di, Pettoello-Mantovani, Massimo, & Dipace, Anna. (2024). School in the hospital, the role of an educating community. Global Pediatrics, 9, 100204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gpeds.2024.100204

Patton, Michael Quinn. (2015). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Petty, Nicola, Thomson, Oliver, & Stew, Graham. (2012). Ready for a paradigm shift? Part 2: Introducing qualitative research methodologies and methods. Manual Therapy, 17, 378-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2012.03.004

Pini, Simon, Gardner, Peter, & Hugh-Jones, Siobhan. (2019). How and why school is important to teenagers with cancer: outcomes from a photo-elicitation study. Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology, 8(2), 157-164. https://doi.org/10.1089/jayao.2018.0068

Price, Mollie Louise, Surr, Claire, Gough, Brendan, Howe, David, & Ashley, Laura. (2025). The provision of social support in an online support forum for caregivers of people with comorbid dementia and cancer: content analysis study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, Cancer, 11, e72217. https://doi.org/10.2196/72217

Sanders, Jackie, Munford, Robyn, & Boden, Joseph. (2017). Culture and context: The differential impact of culture, risks and resources on resilience among vulnerable adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 79, 517-526. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.07.007

Sigad, Laura. (2023). The role of relationships in resilience: Teachers who were at-risk youth supporting at-risk students. Education Sciences, 13, 1118. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13111118

Sikma, Lynn. (2021). Building resilience: using BRiTE with beginning teachers in the United States. In C. F. Mansfield (Ed.), Cultivating Teacher Resilience (pp. 85-101). Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5963-1_6

Skaalvik, Einar M., & Skaalvik, Sidsel. (2015). Job satisfaction, stress and coping strategies in the teaching profession-What do teachers say? International Education Studies, 8(3), 181-192. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n3p181?urlappend=%3Futm_source%3Dresearchgate.net%26utm_medium%3Darticle

Steinke, Sarah, Elam, Megan, Irwin, Mary Kay, Sexton, Karen, & McGraw, Anne. (2016). Pediatric hospital school programming: An examination of educational services for students who are hospitalised. Physical Disabilities: Education and Related Services, 35(1), 28–45. https://doi.org/10.14434/pders.v35i1.20896

Tremolada, Marta, Taverna, Livia, Chiavetta, Ilaria Tamara, Bonichini, Sabrina, Putti, Maria, Caterina, & Biffi, Alessandra. (2020). Psychological wellbeing in adolescents with leukaemia: a comparative study with typical development peers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020567

Voorhees, Heather, Makos, Shana, Babu, Sara, Taniguchi-Dorios, Emiko, & Thompson, Charee. (2023). People who help people: A needs assessment of those who provide interpersonal support to individuals with chronic illnesses. Personal Relationships, 30, 1072-1095. https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12491

Wang, Jiaojiao, Wang, Yan, Zhu, Nan, & Qiu, Jia. (2024). Special education teachers’ emotional intelligence and its relationship with social support, work engagement and job performance: a job demands- resources theory’s perspective. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 70 (5), 814-823. https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2022.2149893

Watson, Emma. (2019). The mechanisms underpinning peer support: a literature review. Journal of Mental Health, 28(6), 677-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2017.1417559

Wei, Liping. (2023). Narrative Inquiry: A research method in the educational field. World Journal of Education, 13(6), 35-40. https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v13n6p35?urlappend=%3Futm_source%3Dresearchgate.net%26utm_medium%3Darticle

Wright, William, Howdle, Charlotte, Coulson, Neil, & de Simoni, Anna. (2024). Exploring the types of social support exchanged by survivors of pediatric stroke and their families in an online peer support community: Qualitative thematic analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26, e49440. https://doi.org/10.2196/49440

You, Sukkyung, & Conley, Sharon. (2015). Workplace predictors of secondary school teachers’ intention to leave: An exploration of career stages. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 43(4), 561-581. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143214535741

Zapf, Dieter. (2002). Emotion work and psychological well-being: A review of the literature and some conceptual considerations. Human Resource Management Review, 12, 237-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822%2802%2900048-7

Zelcane, Elina, & Pipere, Anita. (2023). Finding a path in a methodological jungle: A qualitative research of resilience. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 18, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2023.2164948

Zhang, Renwen. (2017). The stress-buffering effect of self-disclosure on Facebook: An examination of stressful life events, social support, and mental health among college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 527-537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.05.043

Zhu, Jinfei, & Zhu, Gang. (2018). Understanding student teachers’ professional identity transformation through metaphor: An international perspective. Journal of Education for Teaching, 44(4), 500-504. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2018.1450819

Author Biographies

Deirdre Harvey, Atlantic Technological University, St Angelas Sligo, Ireland

Dr Deirdre Harvey (PhD, MEd, PgCert, BA) is a Lecturer in Psychology and Education Research Methods in Atlantic Technological University, St Angelas, Ireland, and currently serves as Director of Graduate Studies in the School of Education. She has extensive teaching and leadership experience across undergraduate and postgraduate modules and is an accomplished supervisor at Bachelor’s, Master’s, and doctoral levels. Her research is situated within psychology of education, with a particular focus on learning, memory, resilience, wellbeing, motivation, and collaborative processes. She maintains a strong record of scholarly dissemination through national and international publications and conference presentations.

Maria Campbell, Atlantic Technological University, St Angelas Sligo, Ireland

Dr. Maria Campbell (EdD, MEd, BEd): Lectures in Sociology, Education Research Methods and Pedagogy programmes offered by ATU St. Angelas. Maria has extensive experience for over 20 years in supervising student research at Bachelor, Master and Doctoral levels and examining doctoral thesis. She has published extensively on areas including teacher identity, sustainability, minoritised groups in society and has led out on over 20 research projects, both national and international over the past 25 years. She has been invited to join a number of national and international committees with a focus on education quality and inclusion and has just completed her time as chairperson of SCoTENS [Standing Conference of Teacher Education North and South]. She was external examiner for initial teacher education programmes at both Stranmillis University College, Belfast and Dublin City University and currently adjudicates PhD submissions (for funded places) for Helsinki University.

How to Cite

Harvey, D., & Campbell, M. (2026). Navigating challenges in a unique educational setting: social supports for hospital school teachers. UTE Teaching & Technology (Universitas Tarraconensis), 1, e4368. https://doi.org/10.17345/ute.2026.4368

Submissions

If you wish to publish in any of our journals, you must contact each magazine via email.

Know more

Metrics

58
87
145

Social Networks

                    

Números antics

Make a Submission

INDEXAT A

 

Dialnet

Thumbnail for version as of 19:22, 10 July 2021

File:WorldCat Logo.png


Latindex

 

Diamond Discovery Hub homepage