Impacto de ChatGPT como herramienta de retroalimentación en la escritura en inglés como lengua extranjera: revisión sistemática
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ChatGPT, inteligencia artificial, escritura, retroalimentación
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Resumen
La integración de herramientas de inteligencia artificial generativa (GenAI), como ChatGPT, en la enseñanza de la escritura en inglés como lengua extranjera ha recibido una atención considerable en los últimos años. Esta revisión sistemática sintetiza 30 estudios empíricos publicados entre 2023 y 2025 que exploran el impacto de la retroalimentación de ChatGPT en el desempeño de los estudiantes en la escritura, e investiga qué dimensiones de esta (por ejemplo, precisión lingüística, desarrollo del contenido, organización del texto o uso del vocabulario) experimentan mayores mejoras como consecuencia del uso de ChatGPT. Los resultados indican que ChatGPT es especialmente eficaz para mejorar aspectos superficiales de la escritura relacionados con el uso preciso de la lengua, así como en el aumento general de la calidad de la escritura y la mejora en la organización textual. Sin embargo, los estudios analizados también reportan desafíos relacionados con la dependencia excesiva de los estudiantes de la herramienta y la necesidad de integrar ChatGPT en los distintos marcos educativos con una perspectiva centrada en el alumno. Las implicaciones pedagógicas sugieren que la efectividad de ChatGPT como herramienta de retroalimentación en la escritura se maximiza cuando se combina con la enseñanza de habilidades efectivas para generar prompts, así como con la contribución y supervisión del profesor y la capacidad de los alumnos de ser críticos con la retroalimentación generada por la herramienta. Se requieren más estudios para explorar los efectos en la escritura a largo plazo, así como la sostenibilidad de las mejoras derivadas del uso de herramientas de GenAI.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Raquel Parra Núñez, Maria Dolores Castrillo De Larreta-Azelain
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Referencias
References marked with an asterisk (*) are the articles included in the systematic review.
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